Command To Quit Program Python
If your program is running at an interactive console, pressing CTRL + C will raise a KeyboardInterrupt exception on the main thread.If your Python program doesn't catch it, the KeyboardInterrupt will cause Python to exit. However, an except KeyboardInterrupt: block, or something like a bare except:, will prevent this mechanism from actually stopping the script from running.Sometimes if KeyboardInterrupt is not working you can send a SIGBREAK signal instead; on Windows, CTRL + Pause/Break may be handled by the interpreter without generating a catchable KeyboardInterrupt exception.However, these mechanisms mainly only work if the Python interpreter is running and responding to operating system events. If the Python interpreter is not responding for some reason, the most effective way is to terminate the entire operating system process that is running the interpreter. The mechanism for this varies by operating system.In a Unix-style shell environment, you can press CTRL + Z to suspend whatever process is currently controlling the console. Once you get the shell prompt back, you can use jobs to list suspended jobs, and you can kill the first suspended job with kill%1.
(If you want to start it running again, you can continue the job in the foreground by using fg%1; read your shell's manual on job control for more information.)Alternatively, in a Unix or Unix-like environment, you can find the Python process's PID (process identifier) and kill it by PID. Use something like ps aux grep python to find which Python processes are running, and then use kill to send a SIGTERM signal.The kill command on Unix sends SIGTERM by default, and a Python program can install a signal handler for SIGTERM using the signal module. In theory, any signal handler for SIGTERM should shut down the process gracefully. But sometimes if the process is stuck (for example, blocked in an uninterruptable IO sleep state), a SIGTERM signal has no effect because the process can't even wake up to handle it.To forcibly kill a process that isn't responding to signals, you need to send the SIGKILL signal, sometimes referred to as kill -9 because 9 is the numeric value of the SIGKILL constant.
From the command line, you can use kill -KILL (or kill -9 for short) to send a SIGKILL and stop the process running immediately.On Windows, you don't have the Unix system of process signals, but you can forcibly terminate a running process by using the TerminateProcess function. Interactively, the easiest way to do this is to open Task Manager, find the python.exe process that corresponds to your program, and click the 'End Process' button.
You can also use the taskkill command for similar purposes.
— The Python DebuggerSource code:The module defines an interactive source code debugger for Pythonprograms. It supports setting (conditional) breakpoints and single stepping atthe source line level, inspection of stack frames, source code listing, andevaluation of arbitrary Python code in the context of any stack frame. It alsosupports post-mortem debugging and can be called under program control.The debugger is extensible — it is actually defined as the class.This is currently undocumented but easily understood by reading the source. Theextension interface uses the modules and.The debugger’s prompt is (Pdb).
Typical usage to run a program under controlof the debugger is. import pdb import mymodule mymodule. Test Traceback (most recent call last):File ', line 1, in File './mymodule.py', line 4, in test test2 File './mymodule.py', line 3, in test2 print spam NameError: spam pdb.
Pm./mymodule.py(3)test2 - print spam (Pdb)The module defines the following functions; each enters the debugger in aslightly different way: pdb. Run ( statement , globals , locals )Execute the statement (given as a string) under debugger control. Thedebugger prompt appears before any code is executed; you can set breakpoints andtype continue, or you can step through the statement using step ornext (all these commands are explained below). The optional globals andlocals arguments specify the environment in which the code is executed; bydefault the dictionary of the module is used.
(See theexplanation of the statement or the built-infunction.) pdb. Runeval ( expression , globals , locals )Evaluate the expression (given as a string) under debugger control. Whenreturns, it returns the value of the expression.
Otherwise thisfunction is similar to. Runcall ( function , argument. )Call the function (a function or method object, not a string) with the givenarguments.
When returns, it returns whatever the function callreturned. The debugger prompt appears as soon as the function is entered.
Settrace ( )Enter the debugger at the calling stack frame. This is useful to hard-code abreakpoint at a given point in a program, even if the code is not otherwisebeing debugged (e.g. When an assertion fails). Postmortem ( traceback )Enter post-mortem debugging of the given traceback object. If notraceback is given, it uses the one of the exception that is currentlybeing handled (an exception must be being handled if the default is to beused). Pm ( )Enter post-mortem debugging of the traceback found in.The run.
functions and are aliases for instantiating theclass and calling the method of the same name. If you want toaccess further features, you have to do this yourself: class pdb. Pdb ( completekey='tab', stdin=None, stdout=None, skip=None )is the debugger class.The completekey, stdin and stdout arguments are passed to theunderlying class; see the description there.The skip argument, if given, must be an iterable of glob-style module namepatterns. The debugger will not step into frames that originate in a modulethat matches one of these patterns.Example call to enable tracing with skip.
Debugger CommandsThe debugger recognizes the following commands. Most commands can beabbreviated to one or two letters; e.g. H(elp) means that either h orhelp can be used to enter the help command (but not he or hel, norH or Help or HELP). Arguments to commands must be separated bywhitespace (spaces or tabs). Optional arguments are enclosed in square brackets( ) in the command syntax; the square brackets must not be typed.Alternatives in the command syntax are separated by a vertical bar ( ).Entering a blank line repeats the last command entered. Exception: if the lastcommand was a list command, the next 11 lines are listed.Commands that the debugger doesn’t recognize are assumed to be Python statementsand are executed in the context of the program being debugged. Pythonstatements can also be prefixed with an exclamation point (!).
This is apowerful way to inspect the program being debugged; it is even possible tochange a variable or call a function. When an exception occurs in such astatement, the exception name is printed but the debugger’s state is notchanged.Multiple commands may be entered on a single line, separated by;. (Asingle; is not used as it is the separator for multiple commands in a linethat is passed to the Python parser.) No intelligence is applied to separatingthe commands; the input is split at the first;; pair, even if it is in themiddle of a quoted string.The debugger supports aliases. Aliases can have parameters which allows one acertain level of adaptability to the context under examination.If a file.pdbrc exists in the user’s home directory or in the currentdirectory, it is read in and executed as if it had been typed at the debuggerprompt. This is particularly useful for aliases. If both files exist, the onein the home directory is read first and aliases defined there can be overriddenby the local file.
H(elp) commandWithout argument, print the list of available commands. With a command asargument, print help about that command.
Help pdb displays the fulldocumentation file; if the environment variable PAGER is defined, thefile is piped through that command instead. Since the command argument mustbe an identifier, help exec must be entered to get help on the!command.
W(here)Print a stack trace, with the most recent frame at the bottom. An arrowindicates the current frame, which determines the context of most commands. D(own)Move the current frame one level down in the stack trace (to a newer frame). U(p)Move the current frame one level up in the stack trace (to an older frame). B(reak) filename: lineno function, conditionWith a lineno argument, set a break there in the current file.
With afunction argument, set a break at the first executable statement within thatfunction. The line number may be prefixed with a filename and a colon, tospecify a breakpoint in another file (probably one that hasn’t been loaded yet).The file is searched on sys.path. Note that each breakpoint is assigned anumber to which all the other breakpoint commands refer.If a second argument is present, it is an expression which must evaluate to truebefore the breakpoint is honored.Without argument, list all breaks, including for each breakpoint, the number oftimes that breakpoint has been hit, the current ignore count, and the associatedcondition if any. Tbreak filename: lineno function, conditionTemporary breakpoint, which is removed automatically when it is first hit. Thearguments are the same as break.
Cl(ear) filename:lineno bpnumber bpnumber With a filename:lineno argument, clear all the breakpoints at this line.With a space separated list of breakpoint numbers, clear those breakpoints.Without argument, clear all breaks (but first ask confirmation). Disable bpnumber bpnumber Disables the breakpoints given as a space separated list of breakpoint numbers.Disabling a breakpoint means it cannot cause the program to stop execution, butunlike clearing a breakpoint, it remains in the list of breakpoints and can be(re-)enabled. Enable bpnumber bpnumber Enables the breakpoints specified. Ignore bpnumber countSets the ignore count for the given breakpoint number. If count is omitted, theignore count is set to 0. A breakpoint becomes active when the ignore count iszero.
When non-zero, the count is decremented each time the breakpoint isreached and the breakpoint is not disabled and any associated conditionevaluates to true. Condition bpnumber conditionCondition is an expression which must evaluate to true before the breakpoint ishonored. If condition is absent, any existing condition is removed; i.e., thebreakpoint is made unconditional. Commands bpnumberSpecify a list of commands for breakpoint number bpnumber. The commandsthemselves appear on the following lines.
Conexant audio driver for windows 7 dell computers. Type a line containing just ‘end’ toterminate the commands. ( Pdb ) commands 1 ( com ) print somevariable ( com ) end ( Pdb )To remove all commands from a breakpoint, type commands and follow itimmediately with end; that is, give no commands.With no bpnumber argument, commands refers to the last breakpoint set.You can use breakpoint commands to start your program up again. Simply use thecontinue command, or step, or any other command that resumes execution.Specifying any command resuming execution (currently continue, step, next,return, jump, quit and their abbreviations) terminates the command list (as ifthat command was immediately followed by end).
This is because any time youresume execution (even with a simple next or step), you may encounter anotherbreakpoint—which could have its own command list, leading to ambiguities aboutwhich list to execute.If you use the ‘silent’ command in the command list, the usual message aboutstopping at a breakpoint is not printed. This may be desirable for breakpointsthat are to print a specific message and then continue.
If none of the othercommands print anything, you see no sign that the breakpoint was reached. New in version 2.5. S(tep)Execute the current line, stop at the first possible occasion (either in afunction that is called or on the next line in the current function).
N(ext)Continue execution until the next line in the current function is reached or itreturns. (The difference between next and step is that step stopsinside a called function, while next executes called functions at (nearly)full speed, only stopping at the next line in the current function.) unt(il)Continue execution until the line with the line number greater than thecurrent one is reached or when returning from current frame. New in version 2.6. R(eturn)Continue execution until the current function returns. C(ont(inue))Continue execution, only stop when a breakpoint is encountered. J(ump) linenoSet the next line that will be executed.
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Only available in the bottom-mostframe. This lets you jump back and execute code again, or jump forward to skipcode that you don’t want to run.It should be noted that not all jumps are allowed — for instance it is notpossible to jump into the middle of a loop or out of aclause.
L(ist) first, lastList source code for the current file. Without arguments, list 11 lines aroundthe current line or continue the previous listing. With one argument, list 11lines around at that line. With two arguments, list the given range; if thesecond argument is less than the first, it is interpreted as a count.
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A(rgs)Print the argument list of the current function. P expressionEvaluate the expression in the current context and print its value. Noteprint can also be used, but is not a debugger command — this executes thePython statement. Pp expressionLike the p command, except the value of the expression is pretty-printedusing the module. Alias name commandCreates an alias called name that executes command. The command must notbe enclosed in quotes. Replaceable parameters can be indicated by%1,%2, and so on, while%.
is replaced by all the parameters. If nocommand is given, the current alias for name is shown. If no arguments aregiven, all aliases are listed.Aliases may be nested and can contain anything that can be legally typed at thepdb prompt. Note that internal pdb commands can be overridden by aliases.Such a command is then hidden until the alias is removed.
Aliasing isrecursively applied to the first word of the command line; all other words inthe line are left alone.As an example, here are two useful aliases (especially when placed in the.pdbrc file). #Print instance variables (usage 'pi classInst') alias pi for k in% 1.
Keys : print '%1.' , k, '=',% 1. dict k #Print instance variables in self alias ps pi self unalias nameDeletes the specified alias.
! statementExecute the (one-line) statement in the context of the current stack frame.The exclamation point can be omitted unless the first word of the statementresembles a debugger command. To set a global variable, you can prefix theassignment command with a global command on the same line, e.g.