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Fire in Rome. A painting of the fire burning through Rome.The Great Fire of Rome was an urban fire that occurred in July of 64 AD. The fire began in the merchant shops around Rome's chariot stadium, on the night of July 19. After six days the fire was brought under control, and before the damage could be measured, the fire reignited and burned for another three days. In the aftermath of the fire, two thirds of had been destroyed.According to and later Christian tradition, blamed the devastation on the community in the city, initiating the empire's first. Historians, a classicist, and have cast doubt on the traditional view that Nero blamed the Christians for the fire.
Contents.Background Nero Nero was proclaimed emperor in 54 AD at the age of 16. His rule has commonly been associated with impulsiveness and tyranny.
Early in his rule, he was heavily advised, but he slowly became more independent. In 59 AD, encouraged by his mistress, Nero murdered his mother. His leading adviser, was discharged and forced to commit suicide. After the Great Fire of Rome occurred in 64 AD, it was rumored that Nero ordered the fire in order to clear space for a new palace. Tacitus Publius Cornelius Tacitus was a senator and historian of the Roman Empire.
His exact birth date is unknown, but most sources place it in either 56 or 57 AD. His two main works, the and the, covered the history of the empire between 14 AD and 96 AD. However, much of the work has been lost, including the books covering events after 70 AD. He was only 8 years old at the time of the fire, but he was able to use public records and reports to write an accurate account. Outbreak and progress of fire According to Tacitus, the fire began in shops where flammable goods were stored, in the region of the Circus neighboring the and Hills of Rome. The night was a windy one and the flames rapidly spread along the full length of the Circus.
The fire expanded through an area of narrow, twisting streets and closely located apartment blocks. In this lower area of ancient Rome there were no large buildings such as temples, or open areas of ground, to impede the conflagration. It then spread along the Palatine and Caelian slopes. The population fled first to areas unaffected by the fire and then to the open fields and rural roads outside the city. Looters and arsonists were reported to have spread the flames by throwing torches or, acting in groups, hindering measures being made to halt or slow the progress of the flames. The fire stopped after six days of continuous burning. However, it soon reignited and burned for another three days.Christians may have regarded the fire as the beginning of the, which they were expecting imminently, and may therefore have avoided interfering with its progress, and joined those who menaced the firemen, as Tacitus describes.
Aftermath. According to Tacitus, targeted as those responsible for the fire.According to Tacitus, Nero was away from Rome, in, when the fire broke out. Nero returned to the city and took measures to bring in food supplies and open gardens and public buildings to accommodate refugees.
Of Rome's 14 districts, 3 were completely devastated, 7 more were reduced to a few scorched and mangled ruins and only 4 completely escaped damage. The fire destroyed mostly everything it came in contact with due to poorly built and maintained timber-framed homes. The, the, and Nero's palace, the were destroyed.
Also destroyed in the fire was the portion of the where the Roman senators lived and worked. However, the open mall in the middle of the Forum remained and became a commercial centre. The accusations of Nero having started the fire were further exacerbated by his quickness to rebuild burned neighborhoods in the Greek style and to launch construction of his new palace. The new palace, known as, would have been massive, covering a third of Rome.
Varying historical accounts. See also:The varying historical accounts of the event come from three secondary sources—, and Tacitus. The primary accounts, which possibly included histories written by, and, do not survive.
At least six separate stories circulate regarding Nero and the fire:. Nero sent men acting drunk to start the fires. Nero was motivated to destroy the city so he would be able to bypass the senate and rebuild Rome in his image. Nero quite openly sent out men to set fire to the city.
Nero watched from the Tower of Maecenas on the singing. Nero sent out men to set fire to the city. There were unconfirmed rumors that Nero sang from a private stage during the fire.
The fire was an accident that occurred while Nero was in Antium. Rumor had it that Nero had started the fire. Therefore, to blame someone else for it (and thus exonerate Nero from blame), the fire was said to have been caused by the already unpopular.See also.Notes and references. Society, National Geographic (2014-06-18). National Geographic Society. Retrieved 2019-04-07. Secrets of the Dead.
Retrieved 2019-04-07. Dando-Collins, Stephen (September 2010). Da Capo Press.
Shaw, Brent (2015-08-14). The Journal of Roman Studies. 105: 73–100. Carrier, Richard (2014-07-02).
Great Roman People
Vigiliae Christianae. 68(3): 264–283. Freeman, Charles, 1947. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list.
Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-04-13. Tacitus, Publius.
The Annals. Hulsen, Ch. 'The Burning of Rome under Nero'. American Journal of Archaeology. 13 (1): 45. Secrets of the Dead.
Retrieved 2019-04-07. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-04-07. Cassius Dio,. 'Life of Nero'.
Lives of Twelve Caesars. Tacitus, Annal XV.38–44. Tacitus, Annals XV.38–9. Tacitus, Annals XV.44Bibliography. Cassius Dio,. Suetonius,. Tacitus,External links.
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